Item Details

Tintin as a Catholic comic. How Catholic Values Went Underground

Issue: Vol 19 No. 3 (2016)

Journal: Implicit Religion

Subject Areas: Religious Studies

DOI: 10.1558/imre.v19i3.31123

Abstract:

Historically, the comic series Tintin originates in conservative and, indeed reactionary, circles in Belgian Catholicism. Hergé created Tintin for the children’s weekly of a newspaper that, at that time, shared the main themes of the reactionary Catholic movement: anti-communism, anti-capitalism, anti-Semitism and the fear of “secret societies”, and advocated a leading role for Catholic values in the public domain. During World War II, the adventures were made more fictional. In this way, in the eyes of present-day readers, Tintin has lost much of his politically and economically involved Catholicism. However, Tintin continues to embody Catholic values, albeit in a more implicit way. This interpretation explains those moral aspects of the series that have been considered repellent (e.g. its colonialism), the aspects that have been considered sympathetic (such as its anti-capitalism), and those that are considered self-evident: for instance the dedication to human dignity and the common good.

Author: Kees de Groot

View Original Web Page

References :

Apostolidès, Jean-Marie. 1984. Les Métamorphoses de Tintin. Paris: Seghers.

Assouline, Pierre. 1996. Hergé. Biografie. Translated by Désirée Schyns. Amsterdam/Antwerpen: Meulenhoff/Kritak.

———. 2009. Hergé : The Man Who Created Tintin. Translated by Charles Ruas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Baetens, Jan. 1989. Hergé Écrivain, Un Livre—Une Oeuvre. Bruxelles: Éditions Labor.

Bernasconi, Stephen. 1991–1992. The Adventures of Tintin. France/Canada:
Ellipse Programmé/Nelvana Limited.

Bourdu, Pierre-Yves. 1986. “Een Mythe in Zijn Eeuw.” In Kuifje Hergé. Verslaggevers, edited by Philippe Goddin, 213–228. Bruxelles: Lombard.

Bussereau, Dominique. 1999. Tintin Est-Il de Droite Ou de Gauche?, Antidote. Val-de-France: L’Archer.

Cerbelaud, Dominique. 2004. “Le héros Cristique.” In L’archipel Tintin. Préface De Cfyrille Mozgovine, edited by Albert Algoud, Jean-Marie Apostolidès, Dominique Cerbelaud, Benoît Peeters and Pierre Sterckx, 31–45. Paris/Bruxelles: Les impressions nouvelles.

Couvreur, Daniel. 2013. Du Crabe Rouge au Crabe aux Pinces d’or. La Version Inédite du Soir-Jeunesse. Bruxelles: Éditions Moulinsart.

De Becker, Raymond. 2013 [1941]. “Chers Enfants.” In Du Crabe Rouge au Crabe aux Pinces d’or. La Version Inédite du Soir-Jeunesse, edited by Daniel Couvreur, 35. Bruxelles: Éditions Moulinsart.

Degrelle, Léon. 1932. Histoire de la Guerre Scolaire, 18791884. D’après “La Lutte Scolaire” de Verhaegen, et Divers Documents de l’Époque. Dessins de Hergé. Louvain: Éditions Rex.

Delisle, Philippe. 2010. Spirou, Tintin et Cie, Une Littérature Catholique? Années 1930/Années 1980. Paris: Karthala.

Douillet, Joseph. 1928. Moscou sans Voiles. Paris: Spes.

Dunnett, Oliver. 2009. “Identity and Geopolitics in Herge’s Adventures of Tintin.” Social & Cultural Geography 10(5): 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360902974449

Farr, Michael. 2001. Tintin. The Complete Companion. London: Egmont.

Frey, Hugo. 2004. “Contagious Colonial Diseases in Herge’s the Adventures of Tintin.” Modern & Contemporary France 12(2): 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/09639480410001693043

———. 2008. “Trapped in the Past: Antisemitism in Hergé’s Flight 714.” In History and Politics in French-Language Comics and Graphic Novels, edited by Marc McKinney, 27–43. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781604730043.003.0002

Gevers, Lieve. 2004. “Bisschoppen en Bezetting. De Kerk in de Lage Landen tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog.” Trajecta 13: 373–399.

Greeley, Andrew. 2000. The Catholic Imagination. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Guiral, Antoine. 1999. “Un Débat d’Ectoplasmes sur Tintin. Le Héros à la Houppe Est-Il de Droite Ou de Gauche? Réponses Affligeantes, Hier à l’Assemblée.” Libération. February 2. http://www.liberation.fr/france/1999/02/04/un-debat-d-ectoplasmes-sur-tintin-le-heros-a-la-houppe-est-il-de-droite-ou-de-gauche-reponses-afflig_264077

Hellemans, Staf. 2001. “From ‘Catholicism against Modernity’ to the Problematic ‘Modernity of Catholicism.’ ” Ethical Perspectives 8(2): 117–127. https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.8.2.503831

Hergé. 1964. “Lettre d’Hergé a Tintin.” In Entretiens avec Hergé. Édition Définitive, edited by Numa Sadoul, 253–254. Tournai: Casterman.

Hornsby-Smith, Michael P. 2006. An Introduction to Catholic Social Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511607455

Kehayan, Jean. 1993. Tintin au pays de la Politique. Collection Samizdat. Marseille/Ventabrun: Via Valeriano/Nèpe.

Lambert, Ruud. 2012. “Bijgeloof in Huize Hergé.” Duizend Bommen! 39: 22–24.

Lefèvre, Pascal. 2008. “The Congo Drawn in Belgium.” In History and Politics in French Language Comics and Graphic Novels, edited by Marc McKinney, 166–185. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781604730043.003.0008

Lewis, A. David, and Christine Hoff Kraemer. 2010. Graven Images: Religion in Comic Books and Graphic Novels. New York: Continuum.

Maurin Abomo, Marie-Rose. 2000. “Tintin au Congo ou la Nègrerie en Clichés.” Images de l’Afrique et du Congo/Zaïre dans les lettres Belges de Lange Française, www.congoforum.be; http://www.congoforum.be/upldocs/MarieRoseMaurinAbomo.pdf

Mouchart, Benoît. 2011. Un Portrait Intime du Père de Tintin. Paris: R. Laffont.

Pasture, Patrick. 1992. Kerk, Politiek en Sociale Actie: De Unieke Positie Van de Christelijke Arbeidersbeweging in België, 1944–1973. Leuven: Garant.

Peeters, Benoît. 1983. De Wereld van Hergé. Translated by Stanneke Wagenaar and René Van de Weijer. Tournai: Casterman.

———. 2003 [2002]. Hergé. Zoon van Kuifje. Translated by Ingrid Klijnveld. Amsterdam/Antwerpen: Atlas.

Pellegrin, Annick. 2010. “Politics as a Carnival in Hergé’s Tintin et les Picaros.” European Comic Art 3(2):168–188. https://doi.org/10.3828/eca.2010.14

———. 2013. (Not) Looking Together in the Same Direction: A Comparative Study of Representations of Latin America in a Selection of Franco-Belgian and Latin American Comics. Sydney: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Sydney.

Poorthuis, Marcel and Theo Salemink. 2006. Een Donkere Spiegel. Nederlandse Katholieken over Joden, 1870–2005. Tussen Antisemitisme en Erkenning. Nijmegen: Valkhof Pers.

Rifas, Leonard. 2012. “Ideology: The Construction of Race and History in Tintin in the Congo.” In Critical Approaches to Comics. Theories and Methods, edited by Matthew J. Smith and Randy Duncan, 221–234. London: Routledge.

Roche, Olivier and Dominique Cerbelaud. 2014. Tintin Bibliographie d’un Mythe. Bruxelles: Les impressions nouvelles.

Rösch, Felix. 2014. “Hooray! Hooray! The End of the World Has Been Postponed! Politics of Peace in the Adventures of Tintin?” Politics 34(3): 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.12024

Sadoul, Numa. 1989. Entretiens avec Hergé. Édition Définitive. Tournai: Casterman.

Saerens, Lieven. 2000. Vreemdelingen in een Wereldstad. Een Geschiedenis van Antwerpen en Zijn Joodse Bevolking (1880–1944). Tielt: Lannoo.

Salemink, Theo. 1991. Katholieke Kritiek op het Kapitalisme 1891–1991. Honderd Jaar Debat over Vrije Markt en Verzorgingsstaat. Amersfoort/Leuven: Acco.

Serres, Michel. 1994. “De Kostbaarste der Zeldzaamheden.” In Naar Tibet met Kuifje, edited by Michel Serres, Benoît Peeters, Pierre-Antoine Donnet and Pierre Sterckx, 7–36. Brussel: Stichting Hergé.

———. 2000. Hergé Mon Ami. Bruxelles: Moulinsart.

Smith, Matthew J. and Randy Duncan. 2012. Critical Approaches to Comics : Theories and Methods. New York: Routledge.

Spielberg, Steven. 2011. The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn. Los Angeles: Columbia Pictures/Paramount Pictures.

Strömberg, Frederik. 2003. Black Images in the Comics: A Visual History. Seattle, WA: Fantagraphics.

Tillinac, Denis. 2011a. “A Catholic Hero.” L’Osservatore Romano 7-11-2011.

———. 2011b. Dictionnaire Amoureux Du Catholicisme. Edited by Jean-Claude Simoën. Paris: Plon.

Ubisoft Montpellier. 2011. The Adventures of Tintin—the Secret of the Unicorn: Ubisoft/Gameloft.

Van Doorslaer, Rudi. 2007. Gewillig België. Overheid en Jodenvervolging Tijdens De Tweede Wereldoorlog. Amsterdam/Antwerpen: Meulenhoff/Manteau.

Van Nieuwenborgh, Marcel and Claire Chang. 1993. China in Kuifje. Leuven: Davidsfonds.

Van Opstal, H. 1994 [1959]. Essay RG. Het Fenomeen Hergé. Hilversum: Delange

Vandromme, Pol. 1994. Le Monde de Tintin. Préface de Roger Nimier. Paris: La Table Ronde.

Wallez, Norbert. 1923. Belgique & Rhénanie. Quelques Directives d’un Politique. Bruxelles/Paris: Albert Dewit/Berger-Levrault.

Wiki, Tintin. 2015. “Ideology of Tintin.” http://tintin.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page

Yates, W. Ross. 1961. “Review of Austrian Catholics and the First Republic, by
Alfred Diamant.”
The Western Political Quarterly 14(1): 256–258. https://doi.org/10.2307/443955