Item Details

Teaching Language, Promoting Social Justice: A Dialogic Approach to Using Social Media

Issue: Vol 36 No. 1 (2019)

Journal: CALICO Journal

Subject Areas:

DOI: 10.1558/cj.35208

Abstract:

The article is concerned with teaching language by utilizing social media from a social justice perspective. It makes an argument for taking a dialogic approach to pedagogy based on serendipity and contingent scaffolding. The article is inspired by a small but growing body of literature known as Critical Computer-Assisted Language Learning. First, I provide a brief introduction to Computer-Assisted Language Learning, and its recent turn toward a critical approach. Then, I discuss social media, and what “social” means when it precedes the word “media.” Next, I describe how social media are being used in language education, and why the dominant methods of use may not prepare language learners as justice-oriented democratic citizens. A key barrier I identify in this regard is media users’ increasing ability to filter what they want to see and hear. To re-think the pedagogical uses of social media, I draw from Mikhail Bakhtin’s works and propose a dialogic approach, which may be helpful for language teachers and teacher educators. 

Author: Sardar M. Anwaruddin

View Original Web Page

References :

Abrams, M. H., & Harpham, G. G. (2005). A glossary of literary terms. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Anwaruddin, S. M. (2018). Beyond determinism and instrumentalism: Re-conceptualizing technology for CALL. In J. Perren, K. Kelch, J. Byun, S. Cervantes, & S. Safavi (Eds.), Applications of CALL theory in ESL and EFL environments (pp. 22–35). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2933-0.ch002

Ayers, W. (2010). Social justice. In C. Kridel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of curriculum studies (pp. 792–792). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412958806.n418

Ayers, W., Quinn, T. M., & Stovall, D. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of social justice in education. New York, NY: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203887745

Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays by M. M. Bakhtin (M. Holquist, Ed., C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Bakhtin, M. M. (1984). Problems of Dostoevsky’s poetics (C. Emerson, Ed. & Trans.). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctt22727z1

Bakhtin, M. M. (1990). Art and answerability: Early philosophical essays by M. M. Bakhtin (M. Holquist & V. Liapunov, Eds., V. Liapunov Trans.). Austin: University of Texas Press.

Barber, B. (1998–1999). Three scenarios for the future of technology and strong democracy. Political Science Quarterly, 113(4), 573–589. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2658245

Bialystok, L. (2014). Politics without “brainwashing”: A philosophical defence of social justice education. Curriculum Inquiry, 44(3), 413–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/curi.12047

Buckingham, D. (2016). Do we really need media education 2.0? Teaching media in the age of participatory culture. In C. Greenhow, J. Sonnevend, & C. Agur (Eds.), Education and social media: Toward a digital future (pp. 171–185). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034470.003.0011

Confessore, N. (April 4, 2018). Cambridge Analytica and Facebook: The scandal and the fallout so far. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/us/politics/cambridge-analytica-scandal-fallout.html

Dede, C. (2016). Social media and challenges to traditional models of education. In C. Greenhow, J. Sonnevend, & C. Agur (Eds.), Education and social media: Toward a digital future (pp. 95–112). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034470.003.0007

Dix, S. (2016). Teaching writing: A multilayered participatory scaffolding practice. Literacy, 50(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/lit.12068

Dizon, G. (2016). A comparative study of Facebook vs. paper-and-pencil writing to improve L2 writing skills. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(8), 1249–1258. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2016.1266369

Eubanks, V. (2018). Automating inequality: how high-tech tools profile, police, and punish the poor. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.

Feenberg, A. (2009). Democratic rationalization: Technology, power, and freedom. In D. M. Kaplan (Ed.), Readings in the philosophy of technology (pp. 139–155). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Friedrich, C. (1997). Philosophical modernity and postmodernity in Russia? M. M. Bakhtin’s olyphony of voices in the dialogue. The European Legacy, 2(2), 356–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/10848779708579740

Fuchs, C. (2014). Social media: A critical introduction. London, England: SAGE Publications.

Greenhow, C., Robelia, B., & Hughes, J. E. (2009). Learning, teaching, and scholarship in a digital age: Web 2.0 and classroom research: What path should we take now? Educational researcher, 38(4), 246–259. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X09336671

Hall, J. K., Vitanova, G., & Marchenkova, L. (2005). Dialogue with Bakhtin on second and foreign language learning: New perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Hastings, C., & Jacob, L. (2016). Social justice in English language teaching. Alexandria, VA: TESOL.

Hawkins, M. R. (2014). Ontologies of place, creative meaning making and critical cosmopolitan education. Curriculum Inquiry, 44(1), 90–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/curi.12036

Helm, F., Bradley, L., Guarda, M., & Thouësny, S. (2015). Critical CALL: Proceedings of the 2015 EUROCALL Conference. Dublin, Ireland: Research-publishing.net.

Holquist, M. (2002). Dialogism: Bakhtin and his world. New York, NY: Routledge.

Jensen, K. B. (2015). What’s social about social media? Social Media + Society, 1(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115578874

Kurlantzick, J. (2013). Democracy in retreat: The revolt of the middle class and the worldwide decline of representative government. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Larsen-Freeman, D. (2018). Looking ahead: Future directions in, and future research into, second language acquisition. Foreign Language Annals, 51, 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12314

Liu, M., Abe, K., Cao, M., Liu, S., Ok, D. U., Park, J. B., Parrish, C. M., & Sardegna, V. G. (2015). An analysis of social network websites for language learning: Implications for teaching and learning English as a Second Language. CALICO Journal, 32(1), 114–152. https://doi.org/10.1558/calico.v32i1.25963

Loader, B. D., & Mercea, D. (2012). Networking democracy? Social media innovations in participatory politics. In B. D. Loader & D. Mercea (Eds.), Social media and democracy: Innovations in participatory politics (pp. 1–10). London, England: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203126974

Lovink, G. (2016). Social media abyss: Critical internet cultures and the force of negation. Cambridge, England: Polity.

Macaro, E., Handley, Z., & Walter, C. (2012). A systematic review of CALL in English as a second language: Focus on primary and secondary education. Language Teaching, 45(1), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000395

Meskill, C., & Quah, J. (2013). Researching language learning in the age of social media. In M. Thomas, H. Reinders, & M. Warschauer (Eds.), Contemporary computer-assisted language learning (pp. 39–54). London, England: Bloomsbury.

Morgan, B. (2009). Fostering transformative practitioners for critical EAP: Possibilities and challenges. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 8(2), 86–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2008.09.001

Nikulin, D. (1998). Mikhail Bakhtin: A theory of dialogue. Constellations, 5(3), 381–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.00102

Ott, B. L. (2017) The age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 34(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2016.1266686

Pennycook, A. (2001). Critical applied linguistics: A critical introduction. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Polyphony. (2017). Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved December 2, 2017 from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/469009/polyphony

Selwyn, N. (2012). Making sense of young people, education and digital technology: The role of sociological theory. Oxford Review of Education, 38(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2011.577949

Selwyn, N. (2017). Education and technology: Key issues and debates. London, England: Bloomsbury.

Sharpe, T. (2006). “Unpacking” scaffolding: Identifying discourse and multimodal strategies that support learning. Language and Education, 20(3), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500780608668724

Sunstein, C. R. (2017). #republic: divided democracy in the age of social media. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400884711

Thomas, M., & Peterson, M. (2014). Editorial for the special issue Web 2.0 and language learning: Rhetoric and reality. CALICO Journal, 31(1), i–iii. https://doi.org/10.11139/cj.31.1.i-iii

Toetenel, L. (2014). Social networking: A collaborative open educational resource. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2013.818561

Van Manen, M. (1999). The language of pedagogy and primacy of student experience. In J. Loughran (Ed.), Researching teaching: Methodologies and practices for understanding pedagogy (pp. 13–27). London, England: Falmer Press.

Warschauer, M. (1998). Researching technology in TESOL: Determinist, instrumental, and critical approaches. TESOL Quarterly, 32(4), 757–761. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588010

Warschauer, M., & Grimes, D. (2007). Audience, authorship, and artifact: The emergent semiotics of Web 2.0. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 27, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190508070013

Williams, S. (2017). Rodrigo Duterte’s army of online trolls: How authoritarian regimes are winning the social media wars. The New Republic. Retrieved from https://newrepublic.com/article/138952/rodrigo-dutertes-army-online-trolls

Young, I. M. (1993). Justice and communicative democracy. In R. S. Gottlieb (Ed.), Radical philosophy: Tradition, counter-tradition, politics (pp. 123–143). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.

Zheng, B., Yim, S., & Warschauer, M. (2018). Social media in the writing classroom and beyond. The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0555