Item Details

The Earth as a Treasure in Tibetan Buddhism: Visionary Revelation and its Interactions with the Environment

Issue: Vol 8 No. 4 (2014) Special Issue: Everyday Religion, Sustainable Environments, and New Directions in Himalayan Studies

Journal: Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture

Subject Areas: Religious Studies

DOI: 10.1558/jsrnc.v8i4.24415

Abstract:

In this article I examine conceptions of the environment in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition of Treasure revelation that I propose are founded upon systems of exchange and relationality. Tibetan religious specialists known as Treasure revealers do not simply remove a Treasure from its place; they often leave a ‘replacement Treasure’ intended to appease both the local protective deity believed to be in charge of guarding the Buddhist Treasure and nourishing the local environment. I demonstrate that the logic of Treasure revelation is based on forming an interdependent exchange between humans and the land they inhabit. The source of the Treasure becomes a place deserving respect, protection, and devotion on both religious and ecological levels. I call this phenomenon ‘the ecology of revelation’, and I maintain that this is a fundamental socio-religious ethic characterized by respect for the environment and awareness of humans’ connection to it.

Author: Antonio Terrone

View Original Web Page

References :

class=SpellE>Achard, Jean-Luc. 2004. Bon Po Hidden Treasures: A Catalogue of Gter class=SpellE>Ston Bde Chen Gling
Pa’s Collected Revelations
(Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers). 



class=SpellE>Ammerman, Nancy (ed.). 2007.
Everyday Religion: Observing Modern Religious Lives (Oxford: Oxford
University Press). href="Doi:%20http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/%209780195305418.001.0001"> lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/
9780195305418.001.0001
.




style='mso-column-break-before:always'>


class=SpellE>Apffel-Marglin style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";mso-ansi-language:
FR'>, Frédérique, and Pramod Parajuli.
2000.
‘Sacred Grove and Ecology: Ritual and Science’, in Christopher Key class=SpellE>Chapple and Mary Evelyn Tucker (eds.), Hinduism and Ecology: The Intersection of Earth, Sky, and Water
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press): 291-316.



class=SpellE>Atisha, Tenzin P. 2008. ‘The Tibetan Approach to Ecology’. View
Tibet Adventure Tours
. Online:  href="http://viewtibet.wordpress.com/2008/10/29/the-tibetan-approach-to-ecology/">http://viewtibet.wordpress.com/2008/10/29/the-tibetan-approach-to-ecology/
.
[Tibetan Review, 1991 (25).2: 9-14].



class=SpellE>Buffetrille, Katia. 1998. ‘Reflections on
Pilgrimage to Sacred Mountains, Lakes and Caves’, in Alex McKay (ed.), style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Pilgrimage in Tibet (Surrey, UK: Curzon
Press): 18-34.



class=SpellE>Cipriani, Roberto. 1998. ‘Ecology of Religion’, in
William H. Swatos, Jr. (ed.), Encyclo­pedia of Religion and Society (Walnut Creek, CA: class=SpellE>AltaMira Press): 152-60.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Cuevas, Bryan J. 2003. The Hidden History of the Tibetan Book of the Dead (New York: Oxford
University Press).



class=SpellE>Damdul Namgyal, class=SpellE>Geshe. 1994. ‘Buddhist Ecology: Its
Theoretical Base’, Tibet Environment and
Development News
, vol. 1 (Dharamsala, India:
Department of Information and International Relations): 27-30. style='color:red'>



class=SpellE>Deegalle, Mahinda. 2006.
‘Buddhism for Sustainable Thinking: The Role of Religion in Protecting
Environment without Abandoning Science and Technology in the Development
Process’. Online: http://www.vesakday.mcu.ac.th/vesak49/
article/pdf/Sustainable_Thinking.pdf.



class=SpellE>Derong, Cering class=SpellE>Denzhub. 2007. ‘Traditional
Tibetan Beliefs and Environmental Pro­tection’, China’s Tibet. Online: href="http://2007.tibetmagazine.net/en/20045-p43.htm">http://2007.tibetmagazine.net/en/20045-p43.htm.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Doctor, Andreas. 2005. Tibetan Treasure Literature: Revelation, Tradition, and Accom­plishment
in Visionary Buddhism
(Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications).



class=SpellE>Dodin, Thierry, and Heinz Räther
(eds.). 2001. style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Imagining Tibet: Perceptions, Projections,
and Fantasies
(Somerville,
MA: Wisdom Publications).



class=SpellE>Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel class=SpellE>Yeshe Dorje. 1991. style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its
Fundamentals and History
(ed. and trans. Gyurme class=SpellE>Dorje and Matthew Kapstein;
Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Durkheim,
Émile. 1976 [1912]. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (London: Allen &
Unwin).



class=SpellE>Germano style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'>, David, and Nicolas Tournadre. 2003. ‘THL
Simplified Phonetic Transcrip­tion of Standard Tibetan’. Online: href="http://www.thlib.org/reference/">http://www.thlib.org/reference/
transliteration/#!essay=/thl/phonetics/. style='mso-spacerun:yes'> 



class=SpellE>Goossaert lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>, Vincent, and David Palmer. 2011. style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>The Religious Question in Modern China
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>(Chicago,
IL: Chicago University Press). href="Doi:%20http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/%20chicago/9780226304182.001.0001">Doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/ chicago/9780226304182.001.0001
.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Gottlieb, Roger. 2006. A Greener Faith: Religious Environmentalism and Our Planet’s Future
(New York: Oxford University Press).
href="Doi:%20http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/%20acprof:oso/9780195176483.001.0001">Doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ acprof:oso/9780195176483.001.0001
.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Grim,
John A. (ed.). 2001. Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing
of Cosmology and Community
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard Press for the Center for the
Study of World Religions, Harvard Divinity School).



class=SpellE>Gyatso, Janet. 1998. Apparitions of the Self: The Secret Autobiographies of a Tibetan
Visionary
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Hanna,
Span. 1994. ‘Vast as the Sky: The Terma Tradition in
Modern Tibet’, in Geoffrey Samuel et al. (eds.), style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Tantra and Popular Religion in Tibet (Delhi: Aditya Prakashan):
1-13.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Huber,
Toni. 1997. ‘Green Tibetans: A Brief Social History’, in Frank J. class=SpellE>Korom (ed.), Tibetan Culture in the Diaspora (Wien:
Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie
der Wissenschaften): 103-19.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>———.
2001. ‘Shangri-La in Exile: Representation of Tibetan Identity and Transna­tional
Culture’, in Dodin style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> and Räther 2001:
357-71.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Huber, Toni,
and Poul Pedersen. 1997. ‘Meteorological Knowledge
and Environ­mental Ideas in Traditional and Modern Societies: The Case of
Tibet’, Journal of the Royal
Anthropological Institute
3: 577-98. href="Doi:%20http://dx.doi.org/%2010.2307/%203034768">Doi: http://dx.doi.org/
10.2307/ 3034768
.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Jacoby,
Sarah. 2014. Love and Liberation:
Autobiographical Writings of the Tibetan Buddhist Visionary Sera class=SpellE>Khandro
(New York: Columbia University Press).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>’Jam class=SpellE>mgon Kong sprul class=SpellE>blo gros mtha
yas. 1975–76. Rgya class=SpellE>chen bkamdzod
(dpal spungs par ma ’ class=SpellE>brug spa gro’i class=SpellE>bskyar par ma) (Palpung, Sichuan,
PRC: Palpung Monastery Printing House). TBRC W21808.



class=SpellE>Karmay, Samten G. 1996.
‘The Tibetan Cult of Mountain Deities and its Political Significance’, in
Anne-Marie Blondeau and Ernst Steinkeller
(eds.), Reflections of the
Mountain: Essays on the History and Social Meaning of the Mountain Cult in
Tibet and the Himalayas
(Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen
Akademie der Wissen­schaften):
59-75.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";
mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>Martin, Dan. 2001. Unearthing Bon Treasures: Life and Contested Legacy of a Tibetan
Scripture Revealer
(Leiden:
Brill Academic Publishers).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>McGuire,
Meredith B. 2008. Lived Religion: Faith and Practice in Everyday Life
(Oxford: Oxford University Press). href="Doi:%20http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/%209780195172621.001.0001">Doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/ 9780195172621.001.0001
.



class=SpellE>Mchoggyur class=SpellE>bde chen
gling pa. 1975–76. style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Gter chen mchog class=SpellE>gling nas seng
chen gnam brag class=SpellE>gi zab chos
sde drug rten dang dam class=SpellE>rdzas gter nas
spyan drangs class=SpellE>skabs gter tshab
tubul rgyu'i
dod gsol class=SpellE>smon tshig.
In ’Jam class=SpellE>mgon kong
sprul blo class=SpellE>gros mthayas, style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> Rgya class=SpellE>chen bkamdzod
(dpal spungs par ma ’ class=SpellE>brug spa gro’i class=SpellE>bskyar par ma) (Palpung, Sichuan,
PRC: Palpung Monastery Printing House), vol. 16, ff.
35-38. TBRC W21808.



class=SpellE>Mkha’ ’gro class=SpellE>bde skyong dbang
mo. 1981. Skyabs style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> rje class=SpellE>thams cad mkhyen pa grub class=SpellE>pa’i dbang phyug
zab gter class=SpellE>rgya mtsho’i mnga
bdag rin class=SpellE>po che padma
grodul class=SpellE>gsang sngags gling
pa’i rnam par class=SpellE>thar pa snying class=SpellE>gi mun sel
dad pa’i shing class=SpellE>rta ratna’i chun
phyang utpala’i class=SpellE>phreng ba
(Dalhousie: class=SpellE>Damchoe Sangpo). TBRC W23945.



class=SpellE>Mou Zongjian. 2006. ‘ class=SpellE>Zongjiao wenhua class=SpellE>shengtai de zhongguo class=SpellE>moshi’, Zhongguo class=SpellE>minzu bao 6: 536.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Nasr, class=SpellE>Sayyed Hossein. 1996. style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Religion and the Order of Nature
(Oxford: Oxford Univer­sity Press). href="Doi:%20http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195108231.%20001.0001"> lang=FR style='mso-ansi-language:FR'>Doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195108231. 001.0001
lang=FR style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";mso-ansi-language:
FR'>.



class=SpellE>Nebesky-Wojkowitz style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";mso-ansi-language:
FR'>, Réne de. 1990 [1956].
style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Oracles and Demons
of Tibet: The Cult and Iconography of Tibetan Protective Deities
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>
(Taipei, ROC: SMC Publishing).



class=SpellE>Ngag dbang class=SpellE>blo bzang rgya
mtsho. 2009. Thob class=SpellE>yig gang gai chu
rgyun
, vol. 9, in style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Rgyal dbang lnga pa class=SpellE>ngang dbang blo
bzang rgya class=SpellE>mtsho’i gsung ’bum: The Collected
Works of the 5th Dalai Lama Ngagwang class=SpellE>Lozang Gyatso (1617–1682)
(28
vols.; Beijing, PRC: krung class=SpellE>go’i bod rig pa dpe class=SpellE>skrun khang [China Tibetan
Culture Publishing House]). TBRC W1PD107937.



class=SpellE>Nha style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:SPIonic'>~ lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Book Antiqua"'>t Hanh, class=SpellE>Thích. 2008.
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>The
World We Have: A Buddhist Approach to Peace and Ecology
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>
(Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Nor, class=SpellE>Zaato Matthew. 2010. ‘Religion and Environmental
Sustainability’, in Yahya Oyewole
Imam (ed.), Religion and Environment
(Ibadan, Nigeria: Association for the Study of the Interplay between Religion
and Science): 45-72.



class=SpellE>Norberg-Hodge, Halena.
2001. ‘Tibetan Culture as a Model of Ecological Sustain­ability’, in class=SpellE>Dodin and Räther 2001 style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>: 331-38.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>O class=SpellE>rgyan gling pa. 1988. style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Padma bka class=SpellE>thang (Chengdu, PRC: Sichuan Nationalities Publishing
House).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>’ class=GramE>Od gsal rdo
rje, bde class=SpellE>chen. 1998. Rig ’dzin nus class=SpellE>ldan rdo rje’i
rnam thar class=SpellE>bsdus pa dri med class=SpellE>rdo rje’i zlos
gar
(Nechen Pema, Qinghai, PRC, Unpublished
manuscript).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>———.
1999. Bde class=GramE>chen rdo class=SpellE>rje’i rnam thar
phran bu
( class=SpellE>Nechen Pema, Qinghai, PRC. Unpublished manuscript).



class=SpellE>Orsi, Robert A. 1997. ‘Everyday Miracles: The
Study of Lived Religion’, in David D. Hall (ed.), Lived Religion in America:
Toward a History of Practice
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press):
3-21.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>———.
2002 [1985]. href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Madonna-115th-Street-Community/dp/0300157525/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1380152041&sr=8-2&keywords=robert+orsi"
target="_blank" title="Madonna of 115th Street">The Madonna of 115th Street:
Faith and Community in Italian Harlem, 1880–1950
(New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>———.
2004. Between Heaven and Earth: The
Religious Worlds People Make and the Scholars Who Study Them
(Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press).



class=SpellE>Pearcey, Adam (trans.).
2005. ‘The Life of Tertön
Sogyal (1856–1926)’, style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Lotsawa House. Online: href="http://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/terton-sogyal/biography">http://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/terton-sogyal/biography



style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";mso-ansi-language:
FR'>Pouillon, Jean. 1975. Fétiches sans
Fétichisme
(Paris: Maspero).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Ramble,
Charles. 2008. The Navel of the Demoness:
Tibetan Buddhism and Civil Religion in Highland Nepal
(New York: Oxford
University Press). href="Doi:%20http://dx.doi.org/%2010.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154146.001.0001">Doi:
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154146.001.0001
.



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Rappaport,
Roy A. 1979. Ecology, Meaning, and Religion (Richmond, CA: North Atlantic Books).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Sun,
Anna. 2013. Confucianism as a World
Religion: Contested Histories and Contemporary Realities
(Princeton,
NJ:  Princeton University Press).



class=SpellE>Tarthang Tulku. 1991. style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Lineage of the Diamond Light (Crystal
Mirror Series, 5; Berkeley: Dharma Publishing).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>Tenzin class=SpellE>Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama. 1990. My Tibet (London: Thames
& Hudson).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>———.
1992. ‘A Buddhist Concept of Nature’, in His
Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet
. Online: href="http://www.dalailama.com/messages/environment/buddhist-concept-of-nature">http://www.dalailama.com/messages/environment/buddhist-concept-of-nature.



class=SpellE>Terrone, Antonio. 2010. style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Bya rog prog class=SpellE>zhu: The Raven Crest. The Life and Teachings of class=SpellE>bDe chen
’od gsal rdo class=SpellE>rje, Treasure Revealer in Contemporary Tibet
(PhD
dissertation, Leiden University, Netherlands).



class=SpellE>Thondup lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";
mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>, Tulku. 1984. The
Tantric Tradition of the Nyingmapa: The Origin of
Buddhism in Tibet
(Marion, MA: Buddhayana).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";
mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>———. 1986. Hidden Teachings of Tibet: An
Explanation of the Terma Tradition of the Nyingma
School of Buddhism
(London: Wisdom Publications).
style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT";
mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and Duncan Ryuken
Williams (eds.). 1997. Buddhism and Ecology: The
Interconnectedness of Dharma and Deeds
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press).



class=SpellE>Wach, Joachim. 1944. Sociology of Religion (Chicago: University of Chicago Press). style='mso-spacerun:yes'> 



class=SpellE>Wangdu, Pasang. 2000. class=SpellE>dBa style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>’ bzhed: The Royal
Narrative concerning the Bringing of the Buddha’s Doctrine to Tibet
(trans.
Hildegard Diemberger; Vienna: Verlag der class=SpellE>Österreichischen Akademie der class=SpellE>Wissenschaften).



lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Palatino LT"'>White, Lynn
Jr. 1967. ‘The Historical Roots of our Ecological Crisis’, Science 155.3767: 1203-207. href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.155.3767.1203" target="_blank">Doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.155.3767.1203
.



class=SpellE>Yeshi, Kim. 1991. ‘The Tibetan View of the
Environment’, Chö style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> Yang: Year of Tibet Issue ( class=SpellE>Dharamsala, India: Council for Religious and Cultural
Affairs): 265-69.