Carlin, Bob. 2007. The Birth of the Banjo: Joel Walker Sweeney and Early Minstrelsy. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.

Cockrell, David. 1997. Demons of Disorder: Early Blackface Minstrels and Their World. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Lhamon, W. T. Jr. 1998. Blackface Performance from Jim Crow to Hip Hop. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lott, Eric. 2013. Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class. New York: Oxford University Press.

Mahar, William J. 1999. Behind the Burnt Cork Mask: Early Blackface Minstrelsy and Antebellum American Popular Culture. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.