Item Details

Let the Sādhus Talk: Ascetic Understanding of Haṭha Yoga and Yogāsanas

Issue: Vol 11 No. 2-3 (2017)

Journal: Religions of South Asia

Subject Areas: Religious Studies Buddhist Studies Islamic Studies

DOI: 10.1558/rosa.37023

Abstract:

Based on extensive interviews and ethnographic fieldwork, this article presents understandings of yoga among sādhus in northern India. Despite the existence of several ethnographic studies on Indian ascetic communities, very few have described their practices of yoga, nor the self-understanding of these communities regarding yoga in the wider religious life. This article bridges the gap between modern, transnational forms of yoga, philological research on textual yoga traditions, and the understanding of yoga within ascetic communities, by providing a cross-section of yoga practice across a range of ascetic orders. This article presents initial findings of what will be a five-year, full-time research project on ascetic practitioners of yoga, as part of the Haṭha Yoga Project, SOAS, London.

Author: Daniela Bevilacqua

View Original Web Page

References :

Alter, J. S. 1992. ‘The Sannyasi and the Indian Wrestler: The Anatomy of a Relationship.’ American Ethnologist 19 (2): 317–36. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1992.19.2.02a00070

—1992a. The Wrestler’s Body, Identity and Ideology in North India. Berkley: University of California Press.

Bevilacqua, B. 2018. Modern Hindu Traditionalism in Contemporary India: The Śrī Maṭh and the Jagad­guru Rāmānandācārya in the Evolution of the Rāmānandī Sampradāya. Abingdon: Routledge.

Birch, J. 2011. ‘The Meaning of Haṭha in Early Haṭhayoga.’ Journal of the American Oriental Society 131 (4): 527–54.

Bouillier, V. 1993. ‘La violence des non-violents ou les ascètes au combat.’ Puruṣārtha 16: 213–43.

—2008. Itinérance et vie monastique: Les ascètes Nāth Yogis en Inde contemporaine. Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.

Briggs, G. W. 1938. Gorakhnāth and the Kānphaṭa Yogīs. Calcutta: YMCA Publishing House.

Bronkhorst, J. 1998. The Two Sources of Indian Asceticism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

Burghart, R. 1978. ‘The Founding of the Ramanandi Sampradaya.’ Ethnohistory 25 (2): 121–39. https://doi.org/10.2307/481036

Diamond, Debra (ed.). 2013. Yoga: The Art of Transformation. Washington, DC: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery.

Ernst, C. W. 2005. ‘Situating Sufism and Yoga.’ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Series 3, 15 (1): 15–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186304004675

Farquhar J. N. 1925. ‘The Fighting Ascetics of India.’ Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 9: 431–52.

Grierson G., Gorakhnath, ERE, Vol. VI.

Gross, L. R. 1992. The Sadhus of India: A Study of Hindu Asceticism. New Delhi: Rawat Publications.

Hartsuiker, D. 2014. Sadhus: Holy Men of India. London: Thames & Hudson.

Hausner, S. 2007. Wandering with Sadhus: Ascetics in the Hindu Himalayas. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.

Heesterman, J. C. 1964. ‘Brahmin, Ritual and Renouncer.’ Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens 8: 1-31.

Lamb, Ramdas. 2005. ‘Rāja Yoga, Asceticism, and the Rāmānanda Sampradāy.’ In Knut A. Jacobsen (ed.), Theory and Practice of Yoga: Essays in Honour of Gerald James Larson: 317–31. Leiden: Brill.

—2012. ‘Yogic Powers and the Rāmānanda Sampradāy.’ In Knut A. Jacobsen (ed.), Yoga Powers: Extraordinary Capacities Attained through Meditation and Concentration: 427-57.

Levy P. 2010. Sadhus: Going beyond the Dreadlocks. New Delhi: Prakash Book Depot.

Lorenzen, D. 1978. ‘Warrior Ascetics in Indian History.’ Journal of American Oriental Society 98 (1): 61–75. https://doi.org/10.2307/600151

Lorenzen D., and A. Munoz. 2012. Yogi Heros and Poets: Histories and Legends of the Nāths. New York: SUNY Press.

Mallinson, J. 2005. ‘Rāmānandī Tyāgīs and Haṭhayoga.’ Journal of Vaishnava Studies 14 (1): 107–21.

—2008. ‘Siddhas, Yogins and Munis, but No Nāths: The Early History of Haṭhayoga.’ Unpublished paper.

—2011. ‘Nāth Sampradāya.’ Brill’s Encyclopedia of Religions, Vol. 3: 407–28. Leiden: Brill.

—2012a. ‘Yoga and Yogis.’ Nāmarupa 15 (3): 2–27.

—2012b. ‘Śāktism and Haṭha Yoga.’ In Bjarne Wernicke Olesen (ed.), Goddess Traditions in Tantric Hinduism: 109–40. London: Routledge.

—2013. ‘Yogis in Mughal India.’ In Diamond 2013: 35–46.

Mallinson J., and M. Singleton. 2017. Roots of Yoga. Penguin Classics.

Monier-Williams, M. 1965 [1899]. A Sanskrit English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Olivelle, P. 2011. Ascetics and Brahmins: Studies in Ideologies and Institutions. London: Anthem Press.

Oman J. C. 1903. The Mystics, Ascetics, and Saints of India: A Study of Sadhuism, with an Account of the Yogis, Sanyasis, Bairagis, and Other Strange Hindu Sectarians. London: T. Fisher Unwin.

Orr, W. G. 1940. ‘Armed Religious Ascetics in Northern India.’ The Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 24 (1): 81–100. https://doi.org/10.7227/BJRL.24.1.4

Pande, G. C. 1978. Śramaṇa Tradition: Its History and Contribution to Indian Culture. Ahmedabad: L. D. Institute of Indology.

Gervis, P. 1956. Naked they Pray. London: Cassell.

Pinch, W. R. 2006. Warrior Ascetics and Indian Empires. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Rangarajan, H. 1996. Rāmānuja Sampradāya in Gujarat: A Historical Perspective. Mumbai: Somaya Publications.

Sanderson, A. 2002. ‘Remarks on the Text of the Kubjikāmatatantra.’ Indo-Iranian Journal 45: 1–24.

Sears, T. I. 2013. ‘From Guru to God: Yogic Prowess and Places of Practice in Early-Medieval India.’ In Diamond 2013: 47–57.

Singh, S. 1972. Evolution of Smrti Law: A Study in the Factors Leading to the Origin and Development of Ancient Indian Legal Ideas. Varanasi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakasana.

Van der Veer P. 1998. Gods on Earth: The Management of Religious Experience and Identity in a North Indian Pilgrimage Centre. London: The Athlone Press.

Vasu, C. S. 1895. The Gheraṇda Saṃhitā. Bombay: T. Tatya.