Item Details

Investigating teachers’ perceptions of syntactic complexity in L2 academic writing

Issue: Vol 3 No. 2 (2019) Special Issue: Linguistic complexity and instruction in second language acquisition

Journal: Instructed Second Language Acquisition

Subject Areas:

DOI: 10.1558/isla.37977

Abstract:

This paper aims to investigate how L2 teachers perceive syntactic complexity in L2 writing, and to what extent teachers’ judgements are related to current theoretical views. The main reason for conducting the study is that the majority of studies that have investigated the development of syntactic complexity in L2 have been grounded in hypothesis-testing research; few studies, however, have explored whether teachers’ perspectives on syntactic complexity reflect the development of syntactic complexity as hypothesised in the SLA literature. Two groups of language teachers (eleven of L2-Dutch and sixteen of L2-Italian) were asked to evaluate individually the syntactic complexity of a sample of argumentative texts written by L2 university students of, respectively, Dutch and Italian. In the panel discussion that followed, teachers discussed their motivation behind their assigned scores and the feedback they had proposed. The results revealed that teachers tended to focus primarily on accuracy and comprehensibility. When their comments were concerned with syntactic complexity, both similarities and differences (related to target language and writing context) emerged between Dutch and Italian. Teachers’ reflections appeared to be only partly aligned with existing theoretical views on syntactic complexity.

Author: Folkert Kuiken, Ineke Vedder

View Full Text

References :

Ait Eljoudi, O. (2018) Algerian teachers’ and learners’ beliefs about learner autonomy. In J. Mackay, M. Birello and D. Xerri (eds) ELT Research in Action. Bridging the Gap between Research and Classroom Practice 65–70. Kent: IATEFL.

Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1992) A second look at T-unit analysis: reconsidering the sentence. TESOL Quarterly 26: 390–5. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587016

Biber, D. and Gray, B. (2011) Grammatical change in the noun phrase: the influence of written language use. English Language and Linguistics 15, 223–50. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1360674311000025

Biber, D., Gray, B. and Poonpon, K. (2011) Should we use characteristics of conversation to measure grammatical complexity in L2 writing development? TESOL Quarterly 45: 5–35. https://doi.org/10.5054/tq.2011.244483

Block, D. (2000) Revisiting the gap between SLA researchers and language teachers. Links and Letters 7: 129–43.

Bulté, B. and Housen, A. (2014) Conceptualizing and measuring short-term changes in L2 writing complexity. Journal of Second Language Writing 26(4): 42–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2014.09.005

Council of Europe (2001) Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.

Ellis, R. (2003) Task-based Language Teaching and Learning. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Ellis, R. and Yuan, F. (2004) The effects of planning on fluency, complexity and accuracy in second language narrative writing. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 26(1): 59–84. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263104026130; https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263104261034

Erlam, R.M. (2008) What do researchers know about language teaching? Bridging the gap between SLA research and language pedagogy. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching 2(3): 253–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501220802158958; https://doi.org/10.2167/illt072b.0

Housen, A., Kuiken, F. and Vedder, I. (eds) (2012) Dimensions of L2 Performance and Proficiency. Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency in SLA. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.32

Kuiken, F. and Vedder, I. (2014) Raters’ decisions, rating procedures and rating scales. Language Testing 31(3): 279–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532214526179

Kuiken, F., Vedder, I. and Gilabert, R. (2010) Communicative adequacy and linguistic complexity in L2 writing. In I. Bartning, M. Martin and I. Vedder (eds) Communicative Proficiency and Linguistic Development: Intersections between SLA and Language Testing Research 81–99. EUROSLA Monographs Series, Volume 1. Amsterdam: European Second Language Association.

Lambert, C. and Kormos, J. (2014) Complexity, accuracy and fluency in task-based L2 research: toward more developmentally based measures of second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics 35(5): 607–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amu047

Lu, X. (2011) A corpus-based evaluation of syntactic complexity measures as indices of college-level ESL writers’ language development. TESOL Quarterly 45(1): 36–62. https://doi.org/10.5054/tq.2011.240859

Mackay, J., Birello, M. and Xerri, D. (2017) Bridging the Gap between Research and Classroom Practice. Kent: IATEFL.

Michel, M. C., Kuiken, F. and Vedder, I. (2007) The influence of complexity in monologic vs dialogic tasks in Dutch L2. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 45(3): 241–59. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral.2007.011

Norris, J. M. and Ortega, L. (2009) Towards an organic approach to investigating CAF in instructed SLA: the case of complexity. Applied Linguistics 30(4): 555–78. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amp044

Ortega, L. (2003) Syntactic complexity measures and their relationship to L2 proficiency: a research synthesis of college-level L2 writing. Applied Linguistics 24(4): 492–518. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/24.4.492

Pallotti, G. (2009) CAF: defining, refining and differentiating constructs. Applied Linguistics 30(4): 590–601. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amp045

Pallotti, G. (2017) Applying the interlanguage approach to language teaching. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching (IRAL) 55(4): 393–412.

Polat, B. and Kim, Y.-J. (2014) Dynamics of complexity and accuracy: a longitudinal case study of advanced untutored development. Applied Linguistics 35(2): 184–207. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amt013

Polio, C. and Yoon, H. J. (2018) The reliability and validity of automated tools for examining variation in syntactic complexity across genres. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 28(2): 165–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12200

Révész, A. and Gurzynski-Weiss, L. (2016) Teachers’ perspectives on second language task difficulty: insights from think-alouds and eye-tracking. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 36: 182–204. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190515000124

Robinson, P. (2001) Task complexity, cognitive resources, and syllabus design: a triadic framework for investigating task influences on SLA. In P. Robinson (ed.) Cognition and Second Language Instruction 287–318. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524780.012

Robinson, P. (2011) Second language task complexity, the cognition hypothesis, language learning, and performance. In P. Robinson (ed.) Second Language Task Complexity: Researching the Cognition Hypothesis of Second Language Learning and Performance 3–37. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/tblt.2

Skehan, P. (1998) A Cognitive Approach to Language Learning. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/003368829802900209

Vyatkina, N. (2012) The development of second language writing complexity in groups and individuals: a longitudinal learner corpus study. Modern Language Journal 96(4): 572–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2012.01401.x

Weigle, S. C. (2007) Teaching writing teachers about assessment. Journal of Second Language Writing 16(3): 194–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2007.07.004

Wolfe-Quintero, K., Inagaki, S. and Kim, H.-Y. (1998) Second Language Development in Writing: Measures of Fluency, Accuracy, and Complexity. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press.