Conversation analysis and talk-extrinsic data in research on speech and language therapy
Issue: Vol 14 No. 2 (2017)
Journal: Communication & Medicine
Subject Areas: Healthcare Communication Linguistics
DOI: 10.1558/cam.26886
Abstract:
The present article addresses the issue of combining conversation analysis (CA) with talk-extrinsic data, with a specific focus on speech and language therapy and education. Even though the use of CA together with other data sources is now generally accepted, particularly in the field of ‘applied CA’, it is still important to discuss how this is to be done, what pitfalls to avoid, and what methodological problems might remain unresolved. The procedures from a Swedish project on interaction in speech and language intervention that combines CA with interviews and video-based retrospection sessions are used as a basis for discussion. It is stressed that the fruitfulness of combining CA with talk-extrinsic data is strongly related to what research questions are asked, and what values are ascribed to different empirical materials in relation to the overall aims of a project. The article also addresses the potential risks of a methodology such as CA when it is turned into ‘just a tool’ for detailed transcription. Unless continuous attention is paid to CA’s origin and its use for applied purposes, it might become ‘bleached’, in the sense that it becomes solely a technique, and its theoretical and methodological underpinnings get forgotten.
Author: Charlotta Plejert, Christina Samuelsson, Jan Anward
References :
Antaki, C. (2011) Applied Conversation Analysis: Intervention and Change in Institutional Talk. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230316874
Antaki, C. (2012) What actions mean, to whom, and when. Discourse Studies 14 (4): 493–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445611433959
Antaki, C., Biazzi, M., Nissen, A. and Wagner, J. (2008) Accounting for moral judgments in academic talk: The case of a conversation analysis data session. Text and Talk 28 (1): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1515/TEXT.2008.001
Arminen, I. (2000) On the context sensitivity of institutional interaction. Discourse and Society 11 (4): 435–458. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926500011004001
Beeke, S., Maxim, J. and Wilkinson, R. (2007) Using conversation analysis to assess and treat people with aphasia. Seminars in Speech and Language 28 (2): 136–147. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-970571
Beeke, S., Sirman N., Beckley, F., Maxim, J., Edwards, S., Swinburn, K. and Best W. (2013) Better Conversations with Aphasia: An E-learning Resource. Available at: https://extend.ucl.ac.uk/
Bloch, S. J. and Wilkinson, R. (2013) Multiple troubles and repair in voice output communication aid-mediated interaction. In N. Norén, C. Samuelsson and C. Plejert (eds) Aided Communication in Everyday Interaction, 95–126. Guildford, UK: J&R Press.
Clark, H. (1996) Using Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620539
Clarke, M. T., Bloch, S. J. and Wilkinson, R. (2013) Speaker transfer in children’s peer conversation: Completing communication aid mediated contributions. Augmentative and Alternative Communication 29 (1): 37–53. https://doi.org/10.3109/07434618.2013.767490
Clemente, I. (2013) Conversation analysis and anthropology. In J. Sidnell and T. Stivers (eds) The Handbook of Conversation Analysis, 688–700. Oxford: Blackwell-Wiley.
Erickson, F. and Schultz, J. (1982) The Counsellor as Gatekeeper: Social Interactions in Interviews. New York: Academic Press.
Ferm, U., Bloch, S. J. and Saldert, C. (2016) Negotiating disagreement in picture symbol supported decision making. Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders 6 (2): 131–156. https://doi.org/10.1558/jircd.v7i1.27534
Finlay, M. W., Antaki, C. and Walton, C. (2008) A manifesto for the use of video in service improvement and staff development in residential services for people with learning disabilities. British Journal of Learning Disabilities 36 (4): 227–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00511.x
Finlay, M. W., Walton, C. and Antaki, C. (2011) Giving feedback to care staff about offering choices to people with intellectual disabilities. In C. Antaki (ed.) Applied Conversation Analysis, 161–183. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
Ford, C. E. (2012) Clarity in applied and interdisciplinary conversation analysis. Discourse Studies 14 (4): 507–513. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445612450375
Gardner, H. (2006) Training others in the art of therapy for speech sound disorders: An interactional approach. Child Language Teaching and Therapy 22 (1): 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1191/0265659006ct296oa
Gardner, H. and Forrester, M. (eds) (2010) Analysing Interactions in Childhood. Insights from Conversation Analysis. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Goodwin, C. (1995) Co-constructing meaning in conversations with an aphasic man. Research on Language in Social Interaction 28 (3): 233–260. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi2803_4
Goodwin, C. (2003a) Conversational frameworks for the accomplishment of meaning in Aphasia. In C. Goodwin (ed.) Conversation and Brain Damage, 90–116. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Goodwin, C. (2003b) Pointing as situated practice. In S. Kita (ed.) Pointing: Where Language, Culture and Cognition Meet, 217–241. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Goodwin, C. and Heritage, J. (1990) Conversation analysis. Annual Review of Anthropology 19: 283–307. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.001435
Heritage, J. and Robinson, J. D. (2011) ‘Some’ versus ‘any’ medical issues: Encouraging patients to reveal their unmet concerns. In C. Antaki (ed.) Applied Conversation Analysis, 15–31. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
Kasper, G. and Wagner, J. (2014) Conversation analysis in applied linguistics. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 34: 171–212. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190514000014
Kitzinger, C. (2011) Working with childbirth helplines: The contributions and limitations of conversation analysis. In C. Antaki (ed.) Applied Conversation Analysis, 98–118. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Laakso, M. and Klippi, A. (1999) A closer look at the ‘hint and guess’ sequences in aphasic conversation. Aphasiology 13 (4–5): 345–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/026870399402136
Lock, S., Wilkinson, R. and Bryan, K. (2001) Supporting Partners of People with Aphasia in Relationships and Conversation (SPPARC): A Resource Pack. Bicester, UK: Speechmark.
Lock, S., Wilkinson R., Bryan, K., Maxim, J., Edmundson, A. and Moir, D. (2001) Supporting Partners of People with Aphasia in Relationships and Conversation (SPPARC). International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 36: Suppl. 25–30. https://doi.org/10.3109/13682820109177853
Lutfey, K. and Maynard, D. W. (1998) Bad news in oncology: How physician and patient talk about death and dying without using those words. Social Psychology Quarterly 61 (4): 321–341. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787033
Mandelbaum, J. (1990–1991) Beyond mundane reason: Conversation analysis and context. Research on Language and Social Interaction 24: 333–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351819009389346
McHaul, A., Rapley, M. and Antaki, C. (2008) You gotta light? On the luxury of context for understanding talk in interaction. Journal of Pragmatics 40 (5): 827–839.
Moerman, M. (1988) Talking Culture: Ethnography and Conversation Analysis. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812200355
Norén, N., Samuelsson, C. and Plejert, C. (eds) (2013) Aided Communication in Everyday Interaction. Guildford, UK: J&R Press.
Ochs, E., Schegloff, E. A. and Thompson, S. A. (eds) (1996) Interaction and Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620874
Plejert, C. and Samuelsson, C. (2008) Recycling in clinical interaction involving children with and without language impairment. Communication and Medicine 5 (2): 69–80.
Plejert, C., Samuelsson, C. and Anward, J. (2016) Enhanced patient involvement in Swedish aphasia intervention. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 30 (1): 730–748. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2016.1208274
Pomerantz, A. (1998) Multiple interpretations of context: How are they useful? Research on Language and Social Interaction 31 (1): 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3101_8
Pomerantz, A. (2005) Using participants’ video stimulated comments to complement analyses of interactional practices. In H. te Molder and J. Potter (eds) Talk and Cognition: Discourse, Mind and Social Interaction, 93–113. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pomerantz, A. (2012) Do participants’ reports enhance conversation analytic claims? Explanations of one sort or another. Discourse Studies 14 (4): 499–505. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445611434229
Potter, J. and Hepburn, A. (2005) Qualitative interviews in psychology: Problems and possibilities. Qualitative Research in Psychology 2 (4): 281–307. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088705qp045oa
Sacks, H. (1984) Notes on methodology. In J. M. Atkinson and J. Heritage (eds) Structures of Social Action, 21–27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Samuelsson, C., Lundeborg Hammarström, I. and Plejert, C. (2016) Video recording as a tool for assessing children’s everyday use of features targeted in phonological intervention. Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders 7 (1): 27–48. https://doi.org/10.1558/jircd.v6i2.25725
Samuelsson, C. and Plejert, C. (2015) On the use of conversation analysis and retrospection in intervention for children with language impairment. Child Language Teaching and Therapy 31 (1):19–36.
Sarangi, S. (2007) The anatomy of interpretation: Coming to terms with the analyst’s paradox in professional discourse studies. Text & Talk 27 (5): 567–584.
Schegloff, E. A. (1998) Reply to Wetherell. Discourse and Society 9 (3): 413–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926598009003006
Sillars, A., Roberts, L. J., Leonard, K. E. and Dun, T. (2000) Cognition during marital conflict: The relationship of thought and talk. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 17 (4–5): 479–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407500174002
Simmons-Mackie, N. N., Kingston, D. and Schultz, M. (2004) ‘Speaking for another’: The management of participant frames in aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 13 (2): 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2004/013)
Sorin-Peters, R., McGilton, K. S. and Rochon, E. (2010) The development and evaluation of a training programme for nurses working with persons with communication disorders in a complex continuing facility. Aphasiology 24 (12): 1511–1536. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2010.494829
Waring, H. Z., Creider, S., Tarpey, T. and Black, R. (2012) A search for specificity in understanding CA and context. Discourse Studies 14 (4): 477–492. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445611433787
Wetherell. M. (1998) Positioning and interpretative repertoires: Conversation analysis and post-structuralism in dialogue. Discourse and Society 9 (3): 387–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926598009003005
Wilkinson, R. (2014) Intervening with conversation analysis in speech and language therapy: Improving aphasic conversation. Research on Language and Social Interaction. 47 (3): 219–238.
Wilkinson, R., Bryan, K., Lock, S., Bayley, K., Maxim, J., Bruce, C., Edmundson, A. and Moir, D. (1998) Therapy using conversation analysis: Helping couples adapt to aphasia in conversation. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 33 (Suppl.): 144–149. https://doi.org/10.3109/13682829809179412
Williams, P. and Stephens, H. (2010) The Nuffield Centre Dyspraxia Programme. In Williams, A. L., McLeod, S. and McCauley, R. (eds) Interventions for Speech Sound Disorders in Children. Baltimore, MY: Brookes Publishing.