Item Details

Translation of the Voynich Manuscript using the Differential Abstraction Method

Issue: Vol 2 No. 2 (2015)

Journal: Journal of Research Design and Statistics in Linguistics and Communication Science

Subject Areas: Linguistics

DOI: 10.1558/jrds.v2i2.26865

Abstract:

A partial translation of the Voynich manuscript using the differential abstraction method is presented. This method is used to infer the meaning of Voynich characters or words, identify the probable number system found in the Voynich script, and introduce artificial breaks into a lengthy text to handle each piece separately. The advantage of differential abstraction is that the process of abstraction requires no other verification process to check the validity of the translation results. This is a very useful feature especially for the translation of unidentifiable scripts like the Voynich manuscript of unknown origin with plentiful drawings accompanied by captions. Nonetheless differential abstraction does not guarantee the final translation of the given Voynich characters or words. Instead, it is more likely to provide approximate meaning as stepping stones towards it. With the exemplary paragraph of Folio 2r, differential abstraction can result in the translation of the Voynich manuscript.

Author: Milton Kim

View Original Web Page

References :

Amancio, D. R., Altmann, E. G., Rybski, D., Oliveira Jr, O. N. and Costa, L. d. F. (2013). Probing the statistical properties of unknown texts: Application to the Voynich Manuscript. PlosOne 8 (7): e67310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067310


Child, J. R. (1976). The Voynich manuscript revisited. NSA Technical Journal XXI (3): 1–4.


Currier, P. H. (1976). New research on the Voynich manuscript. Proceedings of a Seminar.


D'Imperio, M. E. (1978). The Voynich Manuscript: An Elegant Enigma. Washington, DC: National Security Agency.


Grossman, L. (2014). Mexican plants could break code on gibberish manuscript. New Scientist. Retrieved on 3 February 2014 from https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24987-mexican-plants-could-break-code-on-gibberish-manuscript/


Kahn, D. (1967). The Codebreakers: The Story of Secret Writing. New York: Scribner.


Landini, G. (2001). Evidence of linguistic structure in the Voynich manuscript using spectral analysis. Cryptologia 25 (4): 275–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161-110191889932


McKie, R. (2004). Secret of historic code: it's gibberish. UK news: The Observer. Retrieved on 24 January 2004 from http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/jan/25/arts.highereducation


Montemurro, M. A. and Zanette, D. H. (2013) Keywords and co-occurrence patterns in the Voynich manuscript: An information-theoretic analysis. PLoS ONE 8 (6): e66344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066344


Pelling, N. (2014). A Brand New New World/Nahuatl Voynich Manuscript Theory…, Cipher Mysteries. Retrieved on 21 January 2014 from http://www.ciphermysteries.com/2014/01/21/brand-new-new-world-nahuatl-voynich-manuscript-theory


Reeds, J. (1994). William F. Friedman’s Transcription of the Voynich Manuscript. Murray Hill, NJ: AT&T Bell Laboratories.


Rugg, G. (2004). The mystery of the Voynich manuscript: New analysis of a famously cryptic medieval document suggests that it contains nothing but gibberish. Scientific American 291 (1): 104–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0704-104


Rugg, G. (2011). Replicating the Voynich Manuscript. Staffordshire: Keele University.


Schinner, A. (2007). The Voynich manuscript: Evidence of the hoax hypothesis, Cryptologia 31 (2): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01611190601133539


Shailor, B. A. (2013). Voynich Manuscript. New Haven, CT: Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Yale University.


Tiltman, J. H. (1967). The Voynich manuscript: The most mysterious manuscript in the world. NSA Technical Journal XII (3): 1–45.


Tucker, A. O. and Talbert, R. H. (2013). A preliminary analysis of the botany, zoology, and mineralogy of the Voynich manuscript. HerbalGram 100: 70–75.